Öz

Ekonomik bütünleşme amacına ulaşan Avrupa Birliği üyesi ülkeler, gündemlerine bir diğer hedef olan siyasi entegrasyonu eklemiştir. Siyasi entegrasyon amacıyla oluşturulan özgürlük, güvenlik ve adalet alanı dış sınırların denetimi konusunda icra edilecek politikaların da belirleyicisi olmuştur. Avrupa Birliği’ne her yeni üye kabulüyle değişen sınırlar, üye ülkeler arasındaki refah farklılıkları ve göç hareketlerinde yaşanması öngörülen artış ortak göç politikalarında denetim ve kısıtlamayı beraberinde getirmiştir. Avrupa Birliği sınırlarının entegre yönetimi ve güvenliğinden sorumlu ajansı Frontex ile özdeşleşen engelleme odaklı politikalar, Akdeniz göç rotasında yansımalarını bulmuştur. 2015 yılında dış deniz sınırlarında yaşanan can kayıplarına arama kurtarma odaklı yaklaşan Birlik üyesi ülkeler, zaman içinde bu politikayı terk etmiştir. Avrupa Birliği’nin göçü dışsallaştırma stratejisinin en önemli bileşeni olan Frontex, Akdeniz göç rotasında geri itme, kişileri güvenli olmayan üçüncü ülkelere geri gönderme, sığınma başvurusunda bulunma hakkını hiçe sayma ve toplu sınır dışı etme gibi çeşitli yöntemlerle uluslararası hukuktan doğan sorumluluklarını ihlal etmektedir. Bugün Akdeniz göç rotasında yaşanan hak ihlallerinin artışı, Avrupa Birliği ortak göç politikalarının tarihsel süreç içindeki dönüşümü ve bu dönüşümün göç yönetimine etkilerini vurgulaması açısından önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Avrupa Birliği, Frontex, AB Göç Politikaları, İnsan Hakları, Geri Göndermeme İlkesi.

Kaynakça

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